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Socratic Wisdom: The Model of Knowledge in Plato's Early Dialogues

by Hugh H. Benson

ISBN-10: 9780195129182
ISBN-10: 0-19-512918-0
ISBN-13: 9780195129182
ISBN-13: 978-0-19-512918-2
Hardcover
2000-02-03
Oxford University Press, USA


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Editorials


Product Description
While the early Platonic dialogues have often been explored and appreciated for their ethical content, this is the first book devoted solely to the epistemology of Plato's early dialogues. Author Hugh H. Benson argues that the characteristic features of these dialogues--Socrates' method of questions and answers (elenchos), his fascination with definition, his professions of ignorance, and his thesis that virtue is knowledge--are decidedly epistemological. In this thoughtful study, Benson uncovers the model of knowledge that underlies these distinctively Socratic views. What emerges is unfamiliar, yet closer to a contemporary conception of scientific understanding than ordinary knowledge.

Reviews


Great Book For A Overlooked Topic
ever since Gregory Vlastos Stated that Socrtes was no epistemologist the mainstream thought seemed to agree. this however did not sit well with Hugh Benson, who takes a look at this topic and comes to the conclusion that, yes, socrates is an epistemologist.

"Imaginative skepticism and dramatic irony"
This is a book by a professor which was written for professors. More to the point, this is a book by a disciple of Gregory Vlastos for those who take the Vlastos/Irwin mode of reading Plato to be paradigmatic. The text purports to be a reading of Plato's early dialogues (eg. Charmides, Crito, Apology, Euthyphro, etc.) with an eye towards articulating what "theory of knowledge" is articulated by Socrates within these dialogues. Ultimately, the author arrives at the conclusion that "Socratic knowledge...is a strong and complete grasp of distinct F-nesses...[t]his grasp of the respective F-ness produces correct judgements involving F-ness that yield true cognitive states consistent with the knower's other cognitives states involving F-ness as well as the ability to answer the Socratic 'What is F-ness' question in a way consistent with those other cognitive states" (p.211).

The considerable vagueness of the previous phrase, coupled with the abstract character of the language reveals the general tone of this work. It is also worth noting that the author's description of knowledge is little more than a tautology. We know what we know when we can recognize it and articulate what it is that we know. Sure. "My cat's breath smells like cat food" said Ralph of "The Simpsons." Generally speaking, Benson tends to overemphasize the discursive character of knowledge and ignore the necessary, noetic component. After all, how do we know if our articulation of "F-ness" is correct save by looking at "F?" This is one of the overarching problems in the Hippias Major: we can see what is beautiful but when we attempt to articulate why it is so we find ourselves in all sorts of trouble. The main point here being that we can recognize that something is beautiful without needing a definition of beauty (kalos). Once we couple this with his general lack of interest in the dramatic context or dialogical content of the Platonic corpus we have discovered that the author has written 260 pages but said very little.

There are other problems with Benson's reading; far more than would be productive to detail here but I will take one to illustrate my point. Benson leans very hard upon the Apology to justify his contention that Socrates' self-appointed task was in conformity with the wishes of the god of the Delphic oracle. The only problem with this assertion is that it is utterly against the text. The oracle told Socrates (via Chaerephon) that he was the wisest man in Athens. What was Socrates' response? He refused to believe the oracle's pronouncement and set out to disprove the oracle! Now, this may simply be naivete on my part but questioning the gods is not particularly pious behavior. More to the point, Socrates' self-appointed role as gadfly is taken up *against the oracle.* John Sallis makes this point quite nicely in his chapter on the Apology in "Being and Logos." Of course, this is another place where Benson stumbles: his bibliography. Though heavily footnoted (there are literally hundreds) the book contains no reference to works on the early socratic dialogues by Sallis, Tom Pangle, Christopher Bruell, H.G. Gadamer, and numerous others who read Plato with an ear tuned towards the dramatic nuances of the text. The title of this review was taken from a sentence by the literary critic, R.P. Blackmur, who spoke of the early socratic dialogues as full of "imaginative skepticism and dramatic irony." There is almost *no* recognition from Benson that any of this exists within the works. It is, quite simply, a book for a small group of like-minded individuals who are uninterested in letting the dialogues speak for themselves. Needless to say, I cannot recommend its purchase. Put your money towards Diskin Clay's "Platonic Questions" or Newell's "Ruling Passion" which will tell you far more about Plato.



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