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Debating the State of Philosophy: Habermas, Rorty, and Kolakowski

by Jozef Niznik (Editor), John T. Sanders (Editor)

ISBN-10: 9780275957155
ISBN-10: 0-275-95715-2
ISBN-13: 9780275957155
ISBN-13: 978-0-275-95715-5
Hardcover
1996-10-30
Praeger Publishers


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Editorials


Product Description
Do we still need philosophical discourse as part of communication within our culture? Is philosophical endeavor still valid? This book offers the views of some of the most popular, distinguished contemporary philosophers who have placed their mark on philosophy. Jurgen Habermas, Richard Rorty, Leszek Kolakowski, and Ernest Gellner bring their ideas into confrontation in a unique debate devoted to the present state of philosophy. Habermas begins with a comprehensive account of contextualism. According to him, contextualism is a new form of historicism. What are the merits of an approach that takes into account both a historical and a cultural context? Is the pragmatism promoted by Richard Rorty an acceptable criticism of our platonic heritage? If so, does this mean the end of rationality as a regulative ideal of the human universe? Rorty's answer is "Yes." This world-renowned American thinker recommends putting a full stop at the end of a narrative which was useful in pursuit of our ancestors' purposes but is no longer useful for ours. Leszek Kolakowski attempts to undermine the alleged pragmatic merits of pragmatism from the position of an analytic philosopher who continues to value classical elements of philosophical tradition. Ernest Gellner also turns against Rorty's pragmatism, which he denounces as a product of the Enlightenment roots of American culture and its centuries of political and economic stability. The future of Western culture may depend on the answers to the questions asked by these authors.

Reviews


Hope in Habermas
....

In the first few pages, Jurgen Habermas delivers a helpful picture of the historical emergence of rational thinking from preceding mythical worldviews and the debate which then ensued between Platonism (rational, ideal forms of thought) and anti-Platonism (relative, contingent skepticism) that continues to this day. He demonstrates how a flux between the two sort of generates a need for the other, but also why anti-Platonism (like Rorty's relativism and Derrida's deconstruction of today) can never deliver a legitimate, conclusive argument against the necessity of Platonic idealism.

Habermas' argument in a nutshell, quoted here from page 4:

"The practice of criticizing Platonist pseudo-objects moves within a conceptual frame and employs conceptual means which in turn cannot be deconstructed without depriving anti-Platonism of it's own critical sting. The radical attempt to do away with any abstraction, idealization, or concept of truth, knowledge, and reality that transcends the local 'hic et nunc' would run into performative contradictions."

In other words, deconstructive critique operates from a rational, metaphysical premise of thought, even if that premise is obscured by labyrinthine linguistics (the critique requires a rational frame of mind to recognize the critique).

The point is not that relativism is always a worthless concept, but that idealized forms of thought can never be done away with because they are in fact a necessary premise of human communication. Therefore we ought to work toward mutual understanding and definition of ideas than destroying them. This is the basis of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action, which tries to direct philosophy away from divisive moral relativism and toward enlightened intersubjective responsibility.


Does neo-pragmatism represent the future for philosophy?
The debate held in Warsaw is, in essence, a valiant defense by Rorty of the merits of American anti Platonism. Habermas, Kolakowski and Gellner offer criticism of Rorty's "relativism," but none of them are able (except perhaps Gellner in his brief and insightful American history narrative) to compete with Rorty's style, confidence, and multi-textual brilliance. Is Philosophy dead? Rorty's case presumes that the realization of the Platonic myth of "finding" knowledge requires an embracing of pragmatic utility towards a unified global community, and a better existence. Rorty's case is, as he admits, a romantic one. In addition, several of his thoughts delve frighteningly further into extreme liberalism as to partly dissociate himself from moderate pragmatists such as Quine and James. Yet the dry, albeit insightful, arguments of Habermas and the occasionally obtuse criticisms by Kolakowski are unable to sway the impetus of persuasion away from Rorty. Rorty, in my mind, wins this debate--if it can be won at all. This does not, however, imply that the intellectual realm is abandoned. To the contrary, as Rorty asserts, it means much of the work has yet to begin.


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